Ukuprintwa kunye noVavanyo

Ukuprintwa kweenyawo kubhekisa kwinkqubo yokuqokelela ulwazi malunga nenkqubo ekujoliswe kuyo. Linyathelo lokuqala lokuhlasela apho umhlaseli azama ukufunda okuninzi malunga nokujolise ekufumaneni indlela yokungena kwinkqubo.

Iindidi zoPapasho

Zimbini iintlobo zonyathela:

• Ukuprintwa kweenyawo
• Ukushicilelwa kweenyawo okusebenzayo

Ukunyathela kungathethi ukuqokelela ulwazi ngaphandle kokunxibelelana ngqo ngqo. Olu hlobo lokubhalwa kweenyawo lusetyenziswa xa ukuqokelelwa kolwazi kungafumaneki kwithagethi.

Ukunyathela okusebenzayo kuthetha ukuqokelela ulwazi ngokusebenzisana nokujolise ngqo. Ngolu hlobo lokushicilela kukho ithuba lokuba ithagethi yazi malunga nokuqokelelwa kolwazi.

Abahlaseli basebenzisa iinyawo ukuze baqokelele olu lwazi lulandelayo:

• Ulwazi lwenethiwekhi
  
  
  
  • Imimandla
  
  
  • Imimandla engezantsi
  
  
  • Iidilesi ze-IP
  
  
  • Iirekhodi ze-Whois kunye ne-DNS
  
  
• Ulwazi lwenkqubo
  
  
  
  • Iinkqubo zomncedisi wewebhu
  
  
  • Iindawo zeseva
  
  
  • Abasebenzisi
  
  
  • Amagama agqithisiweyo
  
  
• Ulwazi lombutho
  
  
  
  • Ulwazi lomqeshwa
  
  
  • Imvelaphi yombutho
  
  
  • Iinombolo zefowuni
  
  
  • Iindawo
  
  

Iinjongo zoPapasho lweNyawo

Iinjongo zokubhalwa kweenyawo yile:

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  Funda ukuma kwezokhuseleko Hlaziya imeko yokhuseleko yethagethi, fumana izithuba, kwaye wenze isicwangciso sokuhlaselwa.

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  Chonga indawo ekugxilwe kuyo usebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule, unciphise uluhlu lweedilesi ze-IP.

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  Fumana ubuthathaka Sebenzisa ulwazi oluqokelelweyo ukubona ubuthathaka kukhuseleko ekujoliswe kulo.

  
  
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  Imephu yenethiwekhi Imizobo imele inethiwekhi ekujoliswe kuyo kwaye uyisebenzise njengesikhokelo ngexesha lokuhlaselwa.

Njani kwaye kuphi ukuqokelela ulwazi

Zininzi izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezikwi-Intanethi esinokuthi sizisebenzise ukuqokelela ulwazi malunga nethagethi yethu.

Injini yokukhangela kunye nezixhobo ezikwi-Intanethi

Iinjini zokukhangela zinokusetyenziselwa ukukhupha ulwazi malunga nombutho ekujoliswe kuwo. Iziphumo zokukhangela zinokubandakanya ulwazi malunga nabasebenzi bombutho ekujoliswe kuwo, i-intranet, iphepha lokungena, kunye nolunye ulwazi olunokuba luncedo kubahlaseli.

Enye indlela yokuqokelela ulwazi usebenzisa iinjini zokukhangela kukusebenzisa iindlela zokukhangela kuGoogle.

Ukukhangela kuGoogle yindlela abahlaseli abayisebenzisayo ukwenza uphando oluntsonkothileyo kunye nokukhupha ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga neethagethi zabo. Kubandakanya ukusebenzisa iseti yabasebenzisi bokukhangela kunye nokwakha imibuzo enzima. Abaqhubi abasetyenziswayo kuGoogle kusiko kuthiwa zii-dorks.

I-Whois, i-IP Geolocation, kunye ne-DNS Interrogation

Nguba ni u

I-Whois ibhekisa kumbuzo kunye nokuphendula komgaqo osetyenziselwa ukufumana ulwazi malunga nezixhobo ze-Intanethi ezinikezelweyo.

Oovimba beenkcukacha zineenkcukacha zabanini besizinda kwaye zigcinwa ziiRejista zeIntanethi yeNgingqi.

Zimbini iintlobo zeedatha ezikhoyo:

• Ngubani oqinileyo
• Ngubani ococekileyo

I-Whois ejiyileyo iqulethe lonke ulwazi kubo bonke ababhalisi kwiseti yedatha echaziweyo. Thin whois inolwazi olulinganiselweyo malunga neseti yedatha echaziweyo.

Iziphumo zombuzo we-Whois zibandakanya:

• Iinkcukacha zedomain
• Iinkcukacha zomnini wedomeyini
• Umncedisi wedomeyini
• Uluhlu lweNet
• Ukuphela kwendawo
• Indalo kunye nemihla yokugqibela yohlaziyo

IiRejista ze-Intanethi zeNgingqi, ezigcina iziko ledatha, zibandakanya:

• I-ARIN (iRegistry yaseMelika yeNombolo ye-Intanethi)
• I-AFRINIC (iZiko loLwazi lweNethiwekhi yaseAfrika)
• I-APNIC (iZiko loLwazi leNethiwekhi laseAsia Pacific)
• RIPE (Uphando lwe-IP Europeens Network Coordination Centre)
• I-LACNIC (iZiko loLwazi lweNethiwekhi laseLatin American kunye neCaribbean)

IP Indawo

I-geolocation ye-IP inceda ekufumaneni ulwazi lwendawo malunga nethagethi enje ngelizwe, isixeko, ikhowudi yeposi, i-ISP, njalo njalo. Ngolu lwazi, imigewu iyakwazi ukwenza uhlaselo lobunjineli kwezentlalo kwithagethi.

Ukuphenywa kwe-DNS

Ukuprintwa kwe-DNS kubhekisa kukuqokelela ulwazi malunga nedatha yendawo ye-DNS, ebandakanya ulwazi malunga nemikhosi ephambili kuthungelwano.

Izixhobo zokubuza imibuzo ze-DNS zinceda abahlaseli ukuba benze i-DNS nyathela. Sebenzisa ezi zixhobo, abahlaseli bayakwazi ukufumana ulwazi malunga neentlobo zeseva kunye neendawo zabo.

Ukuprintwa kwe-imeyile

Ukuprintwa kwe-imeyile kubhekisa kukuqokelela ulwazi kwii-imeyile ngokujonga ukuhanjiswa kwe-imeyile kunye nokuhlola iintloko.

Ulwazi oluqokelelwe kwimizila ye-imeyile lubandakanya:

• Idilesi ye-IP yomamkeli
• Ukuchongwa kwendawo yomamkeli
• Ulwazi lokuhambisa
• Utyelele amakhonkco
• Ulwazi lwesikhangeli kunye ne-OS
• Ixesha lokufunda

Iintloko ze-imeyile ziqulathe ulwazi malunga nomthumeli, isihloko kunye nomamkeli. Lonke olu lwazi lubalulekile kubagculeli xa beceba ukuhlasela iithagethi zabo.

Ulwazi oluqulethwe kwiintloko ze-imeyile lubandakanya:

• Igama lomthumeli
• Idilesi ye-IP / ye-imeyile yomthumeli
• Iseva yemeyile
• Inkqubo yokuqinisekiswa kweseva yemeyile
• Thumela kunye nesitampu sokuhambisa
• Inombolo eyodwa yomyalezo

Kuyenzeka ukuba ulandele ii-imeyile usebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokulandela umkhondo. Izixhobo zokulandela umkhondo nge-imeyile zinamandla okulandela umkhondo ii-imeyile kunye nokuhlola iintloko zazo ukukhupha ulwazi oluluncedo. Umthumeli wazisiwe nge-imeyile ezisiweyo kwaye ivulwe ngumamkeli.

Ukuprintwa kweWebhusayithi

Ukuprintwa kweWebhusayithi yindlela apho ulwazi malunga nokujoliswa kuqokelelwa khona ngokujonga iwebhusayithi ekujoliswe kuyo. Abagculi banokwenza imephu kuyo yonke iwebhusayithi ekujoliswe kuyo ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa.

Ukuprintwa kweenyawo kwiWebhusayithi kunika ulwazi malunga:

• Isoftware
• Inkqubo yokwenza
• Imibhalo engezantsi
• Iinkcukacha zoqhakamshelwano
• Iqonga lokubhala
• Iinkcukacha zombuzo

Ngokuvavanya izihloko zewebhusayithi, kunokwenzeka ukuba ufumane ulwazi malunga nezihloko zilandelayo:

• Uhlobo loMxholo
• Yamkela-Uluhlu
• Isimo soQhagamshelo
• Ulwazi oluGqityiweyo lokugqibela
• Ulwazi olunikwe amandla ngu-X
• Ulwazi lweSeva yeWebhu

Iindlela ezongezelelekileyo zokuqokelela ulwazi ngeKhowudi yoMthombo we-HTML kunye noviwo lwecookie. Ngokuvavanya ikhowudi yemithombo ye-HTML, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukhuphe ulwazi kumagqabantshintshi kwikhowudi, kunye nokufumana ukuqonda kwinkqubo yenkqubo yefayile ngokujonga amakhonkco kunye neethegi zemifanekiso.

Iicookies nazo zinokutyhila ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nesoftware eqhuba kwiseva kunye nokuziphatha kwayo. Kwakhona, ngokuhlola iiseshoni, kunokwenzeka ukuba uchonge amaqonga okubhala.

Kukho iinkqubo ezenzelwe ukunceda kwi-footprinting. Ezi nkqubo zibizwa ngokuba zizigcawu zewebhu kwaye babhekabheka kwiwebhusayithi yokukhangela ulwazi oluthile. Ulwazi oluqokelelwe ngale ndlela lunokunceda abahlaseli benze uhlaselo lobunjineli kwezentlalo.

Ukwenza iiWebhusayithi

Ukubukwa kwewebhusayithi okanye ukwenziwa kwewebhusayithi kubhekisa kwinkqubo yokuphinda iwebhusayithi. Ukulinganisa iwebhusayithi kunceda ekukhangeleni isiza ngaphandle kweintanethi, ukukhangela iwebhusayithi ukuba sesichengeni, kunye nokufumana ulwazi oluxabisekileyo.

IiWebhusayithi zinokugcina amaxwebhu efomathi eyahlukileyo anokuthi aqulathe ulwazi olufihliweyo kunye nemethadatha enokuthi ihlalutye kwaye isetyenziselwe ukwenza uhlaselo. Le metadata inokukhutshwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokukhupha imethadatha kunye nokunceda abahlaseli benze uhlaselo lobunjineli kwezentlalo.

Ukuprintwa kweNethiwekhi

Ukuprintwa kweenyawo kuthungelwano kubhekisa kwinkqubo yokuqokelela ulwazi malunga nenethiwekhi ejolise kuyo. Ngexesha lale nkqubo, abahlaseli baqokelela ulwazi lwenethiwekhi kwaye basebenzise ulwazi ukwenza imephu yenethiwekhi ekujoliswe kuyo.

Uluhlu lwenethiwekhi lunika abahlaseli ukuqonda ngendlela eyakhiwe ngayo inethiwekhi kwaye ngoomatshini abakho kwinethiwekhi.

Imephu

I-Nmap sisixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa inethiwekhi. Isebenzisa iipakethi eziluhlaza ze-IP ukumisela imikhosi ekhoyo kuthungelwano, iinkonzo ezinikezelwa yilezo zinginginya, iinkqubo ezisebenzayo eziqhubayo, iintlobo ze-firewall ezisetyenziswayo, kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo.

Iimpawu zeNmap zibandakanya ukukwazi ukuskena iinethiwekhi ezinkulu kunye nokwenza imephu kwinethiwekhi.

Umkhondo

Iinkqubo zeTraceroute zisetyenziselwa ukufumanisa ii-routers ezisendleleni eya kumamkeli wethagethi. Olu lwazi lunceda ekwenzeni umntu ophakathi kunye nolunye uhlaselo olunxulumene noko.

I-Traceroute isebenzisa umthetho olandelwayo we-ICMP kunye nensimu ye-TTL kwintloko ye-IP ukufumana indlela. Irekhoda iidilesi ze-IP kunye namagama e-DNS ee-routers ezifunyenweyo.

Iziphumo zetraceroute zinceda abahlaseli baqokelele ulwazi malunga netopiki yenethiwekhi, imizila ethembekileyo, kunye neendawo zomlilo. Bangayisebenzisa le nto ukwenza imizobo yenethiwekhi kunye nokucwangcisa uhlaselo lwabo.

Ukuphikiswa kweenyawo

Eminye yeendlela zokunyathela zibandakanya:

• Ukuthintela ukufikelela kwimidiya yoluntu
• Ukunyanzeliswa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yokhuseleko
• Ukufundisa abasebenzi malunga nosongelo lokhuseleko
• Ukubethela ulwazi olubuthathaka
• Ukukhubaza iinkqubo ezingafunekiyo
• Uqwalaselo lwenkonzo olufanelekileyo

Iingxelo zoPapasho

Iingxelo zokubhalwa kweenyawo kufuneka zibandakanye iinkcukacha malunga novavanyo olwenziweyo, iindlela ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye neziphumo zovavanyo. Kufuneka ibandakanye uluhlu lwezinto ezisemngciphekweni kunye nendlela ezinokulungiswa ngayo. Ezi ngxelo kufuneka zigcinwe ziyimfihlo enkulu, ukuze zingangeni ezandleni ezingalunganga.