Iingxaki ngokuZenzekelayo kovavanyo kunye neQA yanamhlanje

Zeziphi ezinye iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ngovavanyo oluzenzekelayo kwi-agile nakwi-DevOps?

Ukuphuculwa kweSoftware yanamhlanje kunye neQA kugxile kakhulu kuvavanyo oluzenzekelayo kwaye akonelanga kuvavanyo lokuhlola.

Ngaba sikhupha isoftware esemgangathweni kunye novavanyo oluzenzekelayo? Andicingi!


Kutshanje ndiye ndafumana iposti kwinethiwekhi yemithombo yeendaba ethi

Into endiyibonayo kuvavanyo olukhulu nakwiminyhadala ye-QA namhlanje ikakhulu zii-DevOps, ukudityaniswa okuqhubekayo kunye noVavanyo oluzenzekelayo.


Nangona konke oko kumnandi kakhulu, ndibona iimeko ezininzi zokuvavanya ukuba zenzekile.

Ndibona izimbungulu ezimbalwa zixeliwe ngexesha lovavanyo lokudibana kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo nangona zizenzekelayo.

Kwi-UAT abasebenzisi bafumana uninzi lweebugs ngenxa yokuba amaqela ovavanyo asilele ukuwachonga kwizigaba ezidlulileyo.

Ukuba asifundisi abantu ukuba babhale njani iimeko ezifanelekileyo zovavanyo siya kugqiba sizenzekelayo ...


Kwaye ukutolika kwam kwe… ngu “crap”. :-)

Nantoni na, makhe sibone ukuba yintoni ngenene eyenzekayo kwihlabathi le-QA yale mihla kunye novavanyo lokuZenzekelayo.



Iingxaki ngeQA yanamhlanje

Uninzi lwe 'Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo' ngaphakathi kophuhliso lwe-agile lukwimeko emaxongo. Umzi mveliso wesoftware ugalela izixa ezikhulu zemali ukuqesha 'iingcali zovavanyo lokuzenzekelayo' ubukhulu becala ukuze ufumane ukuzithemba ukuba isoftware abayakhayo ikumgangatho ophezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ii-bugs ezibonakalayo kunye / okanye eminye imiba ifunyenwe ngexesha le-UAT okanye ityibilika kwindawo yemveliso. Ke, kuqhubeka ntoni?

Phawula:Ngokuvavanywa okuzenzekelayo, ubukhulu becala ndibhekisa kuko ITSWELE Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo.

Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo ngoku lusentliziyweni yayo nayiphi na inkqubo yenkqubo yesoftware yanamhlanje. Injongo yayo kukuba Nceda ukuhambisa isoftware ekumgangatho ophezulu ngendlela enokuphindaphindwa, kodwa ngaba kunjalo ngenene?


Ngaba abavavanyi basavavanya?

Inyani yento kukuba kumaqela amaninzi agile, abavavanyi abasaphinde bavavanye.

Ukuvavanywa kwesandla kuphulukene nesidima sayo, enkosi kuphuhliso kunye neenkcubeko ezinje nge-agile kunye I-DevOps , ezenze ukwahlula kwisithuba se-QA-abo banokwenza ikhowudi kunye nabo bangakwaziyo.

Uhlala uva izinto ezinje, 'ndingu-100% injineli ezenzekelayo', okanye 'i-80% yokuzenzekelayo i-20% yesandla', okanye okubi kakhulu, 'Ndikuthiyile ukuvavanywa kwesandla'. Ndiyothusa!

Kwi-DevOps, sikhokelwa ukuba sikholelwe ekubeni yonke into kufuneka izenzekele. Akukho ndawo yongenelelo ngoncedo, umzekelo. ukuvavanya ngesandla.


Kule mihla, uninzi lwabavavanyi kwiqela elisebenza nzima lisokola ukugcina imfuno 'zoVavanyo lokuZenzekelayo'. Kukho uxinzelelo lokuzenzekelayo lonke ibali kwi-sprint, kwaye akukho xesha laneleyo lokuvavanya ngokucokisekileyo.

Ingxaki, ngakumbi kuphuhliso lwe-Agile, kukuba ii-QAs zithatha ibali lomsebenzisi kwaye zilungiselele imigaqo-nkqubo yazo yokwamkelwa. Ngelixa besenza njalo, eyona nto bajolise kuyo kukuzabalaza ngezakhono zabo zokufaka iikhowudi ukuze uvavanyo luphumelele.

Ngokwendalo, oku kudala ukugxila okumxinwa xa unomdla wokwenza uvavanyo ngokuzenzekelayo kwaye ulubone ludlula kumbhobho wokwakha. Oku kungqina kuphela ukuba yintoni ekwindlela yokwamkelwa- ilungile okanye ayilunganga- iyasebenza kwaye uhlala ulibale malunga nomfanekiso omkhulu.

Ukuhla kovavanyo lwencwadi

Ngakumbi nangakumbi 'abavavanyi bemveli' batshintshela 'kuvavanyo lwe-agile' ngokuthatha izifundo zokufaka iikhowudi kunye nokuba ngabachwephesha ngakumbi.


Ungandivi kakubi; konke oku kulungile. Ndiyakholelwa njengabavavanyi, kufuneka sihlale sizabalazela ukufunda iitekhnoloji ezintsha kunye nezisakhasayo ukuze sihlale siluncedo. Kuya kufuneka siyiqonde ingqokelela yeetekhnoloji ukuba sifuna ukuvavanya inkqubo ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu lomgangatho.

Nangona kunjalo, esona sizathu sokuba uninzi lwabavavanyi bezandla bathathe la manyathelo kukuba kukho inkolelo eqhelekileyo yokuba 'uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo' lungaphezulu kovavanyo lwencwadi kwaye hee, ukufaka iikhowudi kuyonwabisa, akunjalo?

Phawula:Ngokuvavanywa ngesandla, ndinjalo HAYI ngokubhekisa kwindlela endala yesikolo yokulandela iskripthi kunye nokwenza amanyathelo. Ndibhekisa kwabo babizwa ngokuba 'ngabavavanyi bokuhlola' - abo benza olona vavanyo kwaye banomdla wokuvavanya indlela yokuziphatha kwenkqubo ngokusebenzisa imiboniso enomdla nengqiqweni.

Ngelishwa, kubonakala ngathi kukho ukwehla okukhulu kwintengiso yabavavanyi bokuhlola. Oku kuyacaca. Yenza nje imibuzo embalwa yokukhangela 'umvavanyi wezandla' kunye 'novavanyo oluzenzekelayo' kuyo nayiphi na indawo yomsebenzi we-IT, kwaye nizibonele iziphumo.



Iingxaki ngovavanyo oluzenzekelayo

Ngoku, makhe sibone ukuba kutheni uninzi lomzamo wovavanyo oluzenzekelayo ungazisi naliphi na ixabiso.

Iimpazamo eziqhelekileyo ndizibona zisenzeka rhoqo:

  • Ukulindela okungalunganga kwiimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo
  • Ukuvavanya iimvavanyo kumaleko ongalunganga, ngexesha elingalunganga kunye nokusebenzisa izixhobo ezingalunganga
  • Ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ezingenamsebenzi
  • Ukungahoywa kweendawo ezibalulekileyo
  • Imeko eziphambili ezingekhoyo

Ukulindela okungalunganga

Umzuzwana ndibhale iposti yebhlog Kutheni le nto ufuna ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo uvavanyo ? Ukuba awuyifundanga, kufanelekile ukuba uyifunde.

Isishwankathelo seli nqaku kukuba uzenzekelayo iimvavanyo ofuna ukuziqhuba rhoqo. Ngokwenkcazo, ezi ziimvavanyo zakho zokubuyela umva eziqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo isasebenza.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iitshekhi ezizenzekelayo zifumana imiba emininzi yokuhlehla, ndingabuza izakhono zabaphuhlisi kunye nenkqubo yophuhliso. Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo lwe-UI akufuneki lubanjwe [ngendleko ze] okanye [lubuyekezwe] ngokufaka iikhowudi lousy.

Uluhlu olungalunganga, Izixhobo ezingalunganga kunye nexesha elingalunganga

Ubuninzi be 'Injini zoVavanyo lokuZenzekelayo' kumaqela e-agile, jonga ibali lomsebenzisi kwaye uzenzele indlela yokwamkelwa. Uninzi lwamaxesha oku kwenziwa ngokudityaniswa kweSelenium kunye neCucumber.

Izicelo zewebhu zale mihla ngoku zahlulwe ngokucacileyo phakathi kwe-backend kunye ne-frontend. Umqolo ongasemva ubukhulu becala ubunjwe linani leenkonzo REST zewebhu okanye ii-API ezinendawo zokufikelela ngokulula.

Ingcamango yesicelo ingavavanywa kumaleko we-API. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lweenjineli zovavanyo ezizenzekelayo zibhenela ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwinqanaba le-UI elilelona linzima.

Kukho izixhobo zokuvavanya phaya, ezinje nge IKarati kunye nokuQiniseka kwakhona, oko kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuvavanywa kwe-API. Kuya kufuneka sisebenzise ezi zixhobo ngexesha lophuhliso. Ngelishwa, ezinye iinjineli zovavanyo ezizenzekelayo azazi kwa iziseko ze-HTTP , mayeke ubenakho ukubhala iimeko zovavanyo ze-API.

Ngokumalunga novavanyo lwe-UI oluzenzekelayo, ICypress sisixhobo esikhulu. Kufana nesixhobo se-TDD sabaphuhlisi bangaphambili. Abaphuhlisi bafumana ingxelo ekhawulezileyo malunga nokuziphatha kwezinto ezintsha ze-UI.

Zombini iKarate neCypress zisebenza 'njengezixhobo zovavanyo lophuhliso', okt izixhobo ezikhokela nezincedisa kuphuhliso. Zombini zilula, kulula ukudibanisa kwaye zinokubonelela ukuzithemba kuphuhliso .

Emva koko singasebenzisa iSelenium okanye iCypress ukuyila kuphela iimeko ezimbalwa ezisebenzisa inkqubo yokuphela kwayo. Ezi meko zakha ipakethe yokunciphisa ubunzima bokukhanya kunye nokubonelela ukuzithemba ekuqhubekeni kweshishini .

Rhoqo ndiva izinto ezinje, 'silinda de inqaku liphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye lizinzile, ngaphambi kovavanyo oluzenzekelayo'. Nawuphi na umvavanyi owaziyo uyazi ukuba inqaku elitsha leebugs lingaphezulu kwenani leempazamo. Kukho ithuba eliphezulu lokufumana imiba kunye nenqaku eliphuhlisayo langoku, ngaphandle kwento ezinzileyo.

Ukuba uza kuchitha ixesha uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo, lwenze ngokuhambelana nophuhliso xa zinokubonelela ngexabiso elingaphezulu.

Ukuqhuba iimvavanyo ezingenamsebenzi

Sukuzenzekelayo yonke 'uvavanyo' ngenxa yalo. Beka inkqubo yokucinga kumdlalo. Funda inqanaba eliphezulu kunye neqondo eliphantsi lemizobo yoyilo. Buza ukuba yintoni enokuthi ihambe gwenxa. Vavanya amanqaku okudibanisa kwaye ujonge amanqaku okusilela.

Thatha indlela esekwe kumngcipheko wokuzenzekelayo njengoko unokwenza (ngethemba) kwindlela yakho yovavanyo iphela. Yintoni amathuba okuba into isilele, kwaye yintoni ifuthe lokungaphumeleli? Ukuba impendulo iphezulu, ke ezo meko kufuneka zizenzekelayo kwaye zenziwe kulwakhiwo ngalunye.

Kwiprinta nganye, sihlala sigqiba ukubhala iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo kumabali omsebenzisi kuloo sprint kwaye silibale ngokudibana nezinye izinto. Kukho iimvavanyo zokudibanisa okanye ezibuthathaka.

Khumbula ukuzenzekelayo 'iimvavanyo' kuthatha ixesha. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba ngokwenza uvavanyo ngokuzenzekelayo, awuvavanyi ngokwenyani, ujonga kuphela ukuba into ekuthethwa ngayo iyanelisa indlela ethile yokwamkelwa.

Wena ayikwazi ukwenza uvavanyo ngokuzenzekelayo, kodwa ungazenzekelayo xa ujonga iinyani ezaziwayo.

Ke ngoko, ngalo lonke ixesha uchitha ukwenza 'uvavanyo' oluzenzekelayo, cinga ngexesha olichitha ngokungaluvavanyi!

Ukungahoywa Iindawo ezibalulekileyo

Ndibona ngakumbi nangakumbi koku kungakhathali ukusukela ekuzalweni kwenkcubeko ye-DevOps.

Kwi-DevOps, umbhobho wokuhambisa, kunye nezikripthi zokuhambisa zingumqolo wophuhliso lwesoftware kunye nokuhanjiswa, kodwa akunakufane kuvavanywe.

Kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo, ndingatsho ngokulula, ukuba ndibone okuninzi 'ngemicimbi yokusingqongileyo' kuneebugs ezisebenzayo. Imiba yokusingqongileyo enjengeengxaki kwiserver ye-CI, izikripthi zokuhanjiswa, imeko zovavanyo, njalo njalo.

Imicimbi yendalo esingqongileyo inefuthe elibi kuphuhliso nakwimizamo yokuvavanya. Basebenzisa uninzi lomphuhlisi kunye nexesha le-DevOps kwaye bayicothisa inkqubo yokuhanjiswa, kodwa akukho luqwalaselo lovavanyo kwaye ke kuthintelwa le micimbi.

Siyazamkela nje njengenxalenye yokuhanjiswa kwesoftware yanamhlanje.

Sichitha iinzame ezininzi siziphathela ukusebenza okusebenzayo kwaye singahoyi kwaphela 'izinto' ezibaluleke kakhulu. Okubi nangakumbi kukuxhomekeka kuvavanyo lweSelenium ukubonisa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kuyasebenza okanye akunjalo!

Imeko eziphambili ezingekhoyo

Imeko zokumkani! Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ziimeko ezibonisa iibugs.

Rhoqo, umba onobuzaza uvuza kwimveliso kuba akukho mntu ucinga ngento enjalo. Inani lovavanyo oluzenzekelayo alunandaba. Ukuba imeko ibingakhange icingwe okanye ivavanywe, umthetho we-sod usixelela ukuba kukho ibug apho.

Ngelishwa, kwiindawo ezininzi zophuhliso lwe-agile, akunikezelwanga ngokwaneleyo kulo msebenzi ubalulekileyo we 'Scenario Workshop'.



Iingxaki kwiNkqubo

Makhe sibone ukuba ezi ngxaki zingasentla zibonakalisa njani kwimeko yesiqhelo yophuhliso:

  • Umnini wemveliso ubhala amabali abasebenzisi ngaphandle kokukhetha okanye ubuncinci bemilinganiselo yokwamkelwa.
  • Akukho xesha laneleyo linikezelwe kwiiseshoni zokucokiswa kwamabali ukuxoxa ngeziganeko ezahlukeneyo zebali lomsebenzisi.
  • Iikhrayitheriya zokwamkelwa zitolikwa njengemvavanyo zokwamkela- Ewe, kukho umahluko phakathi kwezi zimbini !
  • Abavavanyi bazenzekelayo kuphela iikhrayitheriya zokwamkelwa kumabali abasebenzisi ikakhulu besebenzisa iSelenium kunye / okanye iCucumber.
  • Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo phantse luxanduva “lwabavavanyi abazisebenzelayo”.
  • Abaphuhlisi abanalo nofifi lokuba kugutyungelwa ntoni kwiipakethe zovavanyo okanye abazi nokuba bazenze njani iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo.
  • Iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo zongezwa kwi 'regression pack' esoloko isanda ngoko ke ithatha ixesha elide ukuqhuba ixesha ngalinye.
  • Iimvavanyo ezisebenzayo ze-UI zidityanisiwe kwipayipi yokwakha, elungileyo kodwa…

Umphuhlisi utyhala utshintsho olulula kwaye kufuneka alinde imizuzu engama-30 ukuze kwenziwe iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo ukuze ziluhlaza ngaphambi kokuba inqaku elitsha okanye ukulungiswa kwe-bug kusasazwe kwimveliso. Ukulinda imizuzu engama-30 kuphela xa iimvavanyo zidlula okokuqala. Ukuba bayasilela ngenxa yovavanyo oluthile okanye imiba yokusingqongileyo, kunokuthatha ixesha elide.

Njengoko iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo ziqhutywa kwaye i-QA iphanda ukusilela okungahleliwe, umphuhlisi kunye / okanye umnini wemveliso uqinisekisile ukuphunyezwa okutsha kwaye bonwabile ukukhupha, kodwa abanako kuba ulwakhiwo aluhlaza.

Emva kwethutyana, nokuba ulwakhiwo luluhlaza okanye ulawulo luba nefuthe kwiimvavanyo ezingaphumeleliyo kwaye luthathe isigqibo sokukhulula kunjalo. Ke, i-BOOM, emva kwemizuzu embalwa kwimveliso, kukho ispike kwiimpazamo zeseva ezingama-500.

Ukusilela kwizibonelelo

Ukusilela kubonakala kubonisa ipateni efanayo

  • Ukusilela kumanqaku okudibanisa.
  • Ukusilela ekunxibelelaneni neapps zomntu wesithathu.
  • Iinkonzo zewebhu azenzi 'phezulu' kunye nezicelo kwiindawo zokuphela ze-API ezingaphumeleli.
  • Ukucwangciswa okungalunganga kwenye ye-VMs okanye iindawo, ngenxa yoko kukhokelela kwimicimbi yokungena.

Kwaye okwangoku, akukho nkqubo ikhoyo yokujonga le micimbi njengenxalenye yophuhliso okanye inkqubo yokuhanjiswa.

Ujoliso lweenjineli ezenzekelayo zovavanyo kukuzenzekelayo iimvavanyo ezisebenzayo. Akukho kugxilwa kwintsebenzo, ukhuseleko okanye ukomelela. Ngokuqinisekileyo alukho uvavanyo lwezixhobo!



Isishwankathelo

Lifikile ixesha lokuba siguqule ukugxila kwethu ekusebenziseni iimvavanyo ezisebenzayo ezinamathuba amancinci okubamba imicimbi esebenzayo ukuya kwimiba enzulu neqhelekileyo yokusingqongileyo ehlasela uphuhliso.

Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo, ukuba yenziwe ngokungalunganga okanye ngaphandle kwenkqubo yokucinga , yinkcitha xesha kwaye ayiniki xabiso nakubani na. Iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo zeCrappy zinokufaka iindleko ezinkulu zolondolozo kwaye zithintele uphuhliso. Ekugqibeleni, isisombululo ekuphela kwaso kukusela kwiimvavanyo.

Kuphuhliso lwesoftware yale mihla, uninzi lweenzame ze 'Injineli zoVavanyo lokuZenzekelayo' zichithwa zisilwa nekhowudi ye-automation kwaye zenze ukuba 'iimvavanyo' zisebenze kunokugxila kuvavanyo olufanelekileyo kunye nokuphononongwa kwenkqubo.

Akukho xesha laneleyo lokubhala ikhowudi ezenzekelayo kwaye yenza uvavanyo lokuhlola. Senza ibali ngokuzenzekelayo emva kwebali kwaye silibale malunga neemvavanyo zokudibanisa, silibale ngomfanekiso omkhulu.

Rhoqo sigqibezela ukwenza iitoni zovavanyo oluzenzekelayo, kodwa uvavanyo lokuhlola lufumana uninzi lweebugs. Emva koko sibuyela kuvavanyo oluzenzekelayo, sibhala uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo lweebugs ezifunyenwe luvavanyo lokuhlola, ukubamba i-regression bugs.

Kuya kufuneka sikhethe into esizenzekelayo kwaye sigwebe izigqibo zethu ngokusekwe kumngcipheko. Yintoni enokuthi ihambe gwenxa, ngawaphi amathuba okuba ihambe gwenxa kwaye iya kuba yintoni ifuthe kumsebenzisi okanye kwishishini ukuba iye yonakala?

Ukuba ukwishishini 'lokuZenzekelayo koVavanyo' nceda ungasebenzisi iSelenium ukuvavanya ukusebenza kwee-API okanye izinto ze-UI. Endaweni yoko, sebenzisa iSelenium ukwenza izinto ezizenzekelayo kuphela eziluncedo kunye nezibalulekileyo kushishino ukubonelela ngokuzithemba ekuqhubekeni kweshishini ngaphambi kokukhutshwa ngakunye.

Okokugqibela, ngalo lonke ixesha uchitha uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo, cinga ngexesha olichitha ngokungaluvavanyi!

Ukufunda ngakumbi: