Isicwangciso sokuzenzekelayo sovavanyo lweeProjekthi ze-Agile

Lo Mzekelo weQhinga lokuZenzekelayo lovavanyo uthatha imodeli yokuhambisa eqhubekayo kunye namaqela amaninzi agile.

Kumanqaku angaphambili, ukugqithisa Isicwangciso sovavanyo lwe-Agile uxwebhu kunye ukuseta njani umsebenzi weQA ukusuka ekuqaleni kweprojekthi ye-agile Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo luyenye yezinto eziphambili kuseto lokuqala.

Kule mzekelo weQhinga lokuZenzekelayo lovavanyo, ndibhala ezona ngongoma ziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukufumana eyona nzame yovavanyo oluzenzekelayo.

Isishwankathelo sebhunga

Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo ngumsebenzi ophambili kuyo nayiphi na indlela yophuhliso lwe-agile. Njengoko sisiya kusasazo oluqhubekayo, uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo lubaluleke ngakumbi ngenxa yempendulo ekhawulezileyo yokunika ingxelo kwiqela lezophuhliso malunga nempilo yesicelo.

Ukuze ufumane le ngxelo ikhawulezayo, iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo kufuneka zenziwe ngokuqhubekekayo, kufuneka zikhawuleze kwaye iziphumo zovavanyo kufuneka zingaguquguquki kwaye zithembeke.

Ukufezekisa oku, uninzi lokuqinisekiswa kufuneka lwenziwe njengenxalenye yophuhliso lweempawu ezintsha. Ngamanye amagama, uphuhliso kunye novavanyo kufuneka lube ngumsebenzi odibeneyo, kwaye umgangatho kufuneka 'ubhakwe' kwasekuqaleni ngokuqinisekisa ukuba le nto iphuhliswayo iyasebenza kwaye ayikophuli ukusebenza okukhoyo ngoku.

Oku kufuna 'ukuguqula ipiramidi yovavanyo oluzenzekelayo' ngokutyhala uvavanyo lwe-GUI oluthatha ixesha elide ukwenza, ukuya kumanqanaba asezantsi umz. Umaleko we-API onokuqhuba ngqo emva kovavanyo lweyunithi njengenxalenye yokwakha ukubonelela ngenqanaba lokuqala lokuzithemba.

Idibeneyo:

• Ungazikhetha njani ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo oza kuzisebenzisa?
• Uqala phi uvavanyo lokuzenzekelayo lwewebhusayithi esele ikho?
• Ngaba uvavanyo lokuzenzekelayo kufuneka lwenziwe liqela elizinikezeleyo?

Uvavanyo lokuZenzekelayo loVavanyo

Ukuthintela endaweni yokufumanisa - ngelixa zonke iinzame kufuneka zichithwe ekuthinteleni ukungeniswa kweziphene kwisicelo kwasekuqaleni, ubuchule kunye neendlela ezingaphandle komda wale post. Apha, iindlela ezichaziweyo zivumela ukufunyanwa ngokukhawuleza kweebugs xa zingeniswa kwinkqubo kunye nengxelo kuphuhliso.

Umgangatho kufuneka uthandwe ngaphezu kobungakanani. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kungcono ukuba ukhulule inqaku elinye eliqinileyo kunamatye amaninzi aqinisekileyo. Njengomgangatho omncinci wokukhutshwa, nayiphi na into esandula ukwenziwa akufuneki ukuba yazise naziphi na iziphene ezinokubakho.

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, ingxelo ekhawulezileyo kwimpilo yesicelo ibaluleke kakhulu ukuxhasa ukuhanjiswa okuqhubekayo, ke ngoko, inkqubo kunye nendlela esinokufumana ngayo ingxelo ngokukhawuleza iyaqulunqwa.

Enye indlela yokufumana ingxelo ekhawulezayo kukonyusa inani lovavanyo lweyunithi, iimvavanyo zokudityaniswa, kunye neemvavanyo ze-API. Olu vavanyo lwamanqanaba asezantsi luya kubonelela ngomnatha wokhuseleko ukuqinisekisa ukuba ikhowudi isebenza njengoko bekucetyiwe kwaye inceda ekuthinteleni iziphene eziphumayo kwezinye iindlela zovavanyo.

Uvavanyo lweyunithi lwakha iziseko zovavanyo oluzenzekelayo kumanqanaba aphezulu.

Into yesibini yokuphuculwa kokuqhuba kovavanyo lokuhlengahlengisa rhoqo kwaye ilungelelaniswe nenkqubo yoDityaniso oluQhubekayo, jonga kamva. Uvavanyo lokuzenzekelayo akufuneki lubonwe njengomsebenzi owodwa, kodwa endaweni yoko ngumsebenzi odibeneyo ofakwe kwi-SDLC.

Inkcazo yeepakethe zoLungiso

Ukuvavanywa okuzenzekelayo kovavanyo sisiseko seQhinga lokuZenzekelayo lovavanyo.

Iphakethe yokuqhuma umsi

Iipakethe zokunyanzeliswa zisebenza njengetsheki yokujonga ukuba isicelo sinokulayishwa kwaye sifikeleleke. Kananjalo, zimbalwa iimeko eziphambili ekufuneka ziqhutywa ukuqinisekisa ukuba usetyenziso lusasebenza.

Injongo yepakethi yovavanyo lomsi kukubamba eyona micimbi icacileyo, njengokufaka isicelo, okanye ukulayishwa komsebenzisi okuqhelekileyo akunakwenziwa; Ngesi sizathu, ukuvavanywa komsi akufuneki kuhlale ngaphezulu Imizuzu emi-5 ukunika ingxelo ngokukhawuleza kwimeko ethile enkulu ayisebenzi.

Ipakethe yokuvavanya umsi isebenza kuyo yonke into kwaye inokuba ngumxube we-API kunye / okanye novavanyo lwe-GUI.

Iipakethe zoLungiso olusebenzayo , Eyenzelwe ukujonga ukusebenza kwesicelo ngokweenkcukacha ezingaphezulu kovavanyo lomsi.

Iipakethe zokuhlengahlengiswa ezininzi ziya kubakho ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba kukho amaqela amaninzi asebenza kumacandelo ahlukeneyo esicelo, kufanelekile ukuba kubekho iipakethe zokuhlengahlengisa ezahlukeneyo ezinokuthi zijolise kwindawo iqela elisebenza kuyo.

Le miqulu mayibe nakho ukuqhuba nakweyiphi na imeko nanjengoko xa kufuneka njalo, ukuba imeko yeempawu ihlala ihambelana kuyo yonke imeko-bume. Babulawa kaninzi ngemini kwaye akufuneki bahlale ngaphezulu kwemizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30.

Njengoko ezi mvavanyo zisebenza ngakumbi, ziya kuthatha ixesha elide ukuqhuba, kubalulekile ukuba uninzi lweemvavanyo ezisebenzayo kwinqanaba le-API apho iimvavanyo zinokwenziwa ngokukhawuleza ukuze sibe ngaphakathi Imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30 Umda wexesha.

Ukuphela kokuphela kwepakethe yokunciphisa, kuvavanya isicelo siphela. Injongo yezi mvavanyo kukuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo ezahlukeneyo zesicelo ezinxibelelana noovimba beenkcukacha ezahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa komntu wesithathu kusebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-End-to-End alwenzelwanga ukuvavanya yonke imisebenzi njengoko sele ivavanyiwe kwiipakethe zokuhlengahlengiswa kokusebenza, nangona kunjalo, ezi mvavanyo 'zilula-ubunzima' ezijonga nje utshintsho ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye kunye nesandla yezona meko zibalulekileyo okanye iihambo zomsebenzisi.

Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ikakhulu nge-GUI, njengoko bejonga ukuba abasebenzisi bayisebenzisa njani le nkqubo. Ixesha elithathiweyo ukwenza oku lingahluka ukusuka kwesinye isicelo ukuya kwesinye kodwa zihlala ziqhutywa kanye ngemini okanye ebusuku.

Isicwangciso sokuzenzekelayo sovavanyo kumaQela amaninzi e-Agile

Uvavanyo lweYunithi oluzenzekelayo

Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo luqala kwinqanaba leyunithi. Uvavanyo lweyunithi kufuneka lubhalwe ngabaphuhlisi balo naliphi na inqaku elitsha eliphuhlisiweyo. Olu vavanyo lweyunithi lwenza isiseko senkqubo enkulu yokuzenzekelayo ehamba kude kuye kuvavanyo lweNkqubo ye-GUI.

Luxanduva lwabaphuhlisi ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuyo yonke into entsha ephuhlisiweyo, iseti yovavanyo oluhambelanayo nolomeleleyo ibhaliwe ukungqina ukuba ikhowudi isebenza njengoko bekucwangcisiwe kwaye ihlangabezana neemfuno.

Uvavanyo lweyunithi lubonelela nge-ROI eninzi kwiqela njengoko bekhawuleza kakhulu ukubaleka, kulula ukuyigcina kunye nokuyiguqula (njengoko kungekho kuxhomekeka) kwaye xa kukho iimpazamo kwikhowudi, iphindiselwa ngokukhawuleza kumqambi.

Uvavanyo lweyunithi luqhutywa kumatshini womphuhlisi kunye nakwindawo ye-CI.

Ukudityaniswa okuzenzekelayo / i-API okanye iiMvavanyo zeNkonzo

Ngelixa kuvavanyo lweyunithi lusekwe kuvavanyo lwemisebenzi ngaphakathi kwiklasi, uVavanyo loHlanganiso lwenza inqanaba elilandelayo ukusuka kuvavanyo lweyunithi ukuvavanya iiklasi ezidibeneyo zenza icandelo lokuhambisa ukusebenza. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa kuphela xa kuvavanyo lweCandelo kwaye kudlulile.

Uvavanyo lweeNkonzo ziqhutywa ngokwendalo kumaleko we-API ngaphandle kongenelelo lwe-GUI web interface; kungoko iimvavanyo ziya kuba nakho ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwifomu emsulwa kwaye ngenxa yokuba iimvavanyo zithetha ngqo kumacandelo, ziyakhawuleza ukwenza kwaye ziya kuba yinxalenye yokwakha.

Apho kukho imfuneko, ugculela njenge uthango iya kusetyenziswa ukubonisa ukuxhomekeka komnye u-3^rdiinkqubo zeqela kwaye xa iinkqubo ezisezantsi zingafumaneki ukubonelela ngedatha efunekayo kuvavanyo.

Uvavanyo lokudityaniswa kunye / okanye iimvavanyo zeenkonzo zinokuqhutywa kumatshini wonjiniyela kwaye zibe yinxalenye yokwakha, kodwa ukuba ziqala ukuthatha ixesha elide, ke kungcono ukusebenza kwimeko ye-CI.

Izixhobo ezinjengeSoapUI zinokusetyenziselwa uvavanyo lweNkonzo.

Uvavanyo lwesicelo

Isicelo se-e-commerce esiqhelekileyo sinokuhlulwa sibe zizicelo ezahlukeneyo okanye 'iiapps' ezibonelela ngemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Umxholo wovavanyo lwe-App kulapho iqela leemvavanyo ezivavanya ukusebenza kweApp zilungelelaniswe kunye kwaye zihambelane neApp efunwayo. Le pakethi iya kuba luncedo kwiimeko xa iqela linqwenela ukukhupha i-App nganye kwaye lingathanda ukwazi ukuba lisebenza ngokuchanekileyo na.

Uvavanyo lwesicelo ludinga ujongano lokunxibelelana nezinto ezahlukeneyo, ke ngoko kulindelwe ukuba ezi mvavanyo ziqhutywa ngesikhangeli esikwi-GUI.

Injongo yoVavanyo lwe-App kukuqinisekisa ukuba amanqaku esicelo achanekile ngokusebenza. Kuba iimvavanyo zilungelelaniswe ngendlela yokubonelela ukuzithemba kwimpilo yeapp ethile, ezi mvavanyo zihlala zibizwa ngokuba ziiVertical Tests, kuba zenza 'phantsi' usetyenziso oluthile. Uvavanyo lucokisekile kwaye ukugubungela kukhulu.

Selenium WebDriver inokusetyenziselwa ukuqhuba ezi mvavanyo zenzekelayo ngokuchasene nesikhangeli. Esi sixhobo sesona sithandwa kakhulu kuvavanyo oluzenzekelayo lwesikhangeli kwaye sinikezela nge-API etyebileyo yokuvumela ukungqinisisa okunzima.

Ukuphela kovavanyo lweMeko

Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo lwe-GUI oluqhutywa ngokuchaseneyo nenkqubo, lisebenza njengokuhamba komsebenzisi okuqhelekileyo, uhambo okanye iimeko zokugqibela. Ngenxa yemicimbi enolu hlobo lweemvavanyo (ezixoxwe ngezantsi), ezi ziya kugcinwa zincinci. Imeko zokuphela kokuphela zibandakanyiwe kwiphakheji yokuhlenga ebusuku.

Ukuguqula iPiramidi yokuZenzekelayo yovavanyo

Njengenxalenye yesiCwangciso soMatshini wokuZenzekelayo, kufuneka siqinisekise ukunciphisa inani leemvavanyo ezizenzekelayo eziqhutywa kwinqanaba le-GUI.

Ngelixa uqhuba iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo nge-GUI ibonelela ngovavanyo olulungileyo nolunentsingiselo ngokubhekisele ekusebenzisaneni komsebenzisi nesicelo, kuqhelekile kwimiba emininzi njengoko kudwelisiwe apha ngezantsi:

Kulukhuni

Kungenxa yokuba iimvavanyo zixhomekeke kwindawo ye-HTML yokuchonga izinto zewebhu ukuba zinxibelelane nazo, nje ukuba kutshintshwe i-id iimvavanyo zisilele, ke ngoko zithwala iindleko ezininzi zokugcina.

Uvavanyo olunomda

I-GUI inokugcina amandla omvavanyi wokuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo inqaku njengoko i-GUI isenokungabinazo zonke iinkcukacha ezivela kwimpendulo yewebhu ukuvumela ukuqinisekiswa.

Cotha

Kuba iimvavanyo zenziwa nge-GUI, amaxesha okulayisha iphepha anokunyusa kakhulu ixesha lokuvavanywa kwaye ngenxa yoko ingxelo kubaphuhlisi iyacotha.

Ubuncinci i-ROI

Ngenxa yale micimbi ikhankanywe apha ngasentla, iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo ze-GUI zibonelela nge-ROI encinci.

Uvavanyo lokuZenzekelayo lweSikhangeli luya kugcinwa ubuncinci kwaye luya kusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa indlela aziphethe ngayo umsebenzisi kubandakanya ukuhamba komsebenzisi oqhelekileyo kunye nemeko zokuphela kweziphelo apho inkqubo iyonke isetyenziswayo.