Iindidi zovavanyo lweSoftware



Iindidi zovavanyo lweSoftware

Kweli candelo, siza kuchaza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwesoftware. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanywa kwesoftware ziyenziwa ukufezekisa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo xa kuvavanywa usetyenziso lwesoftware.

Uvavanyo lwe-Ad-hoc Olu hlobo lokuvavanywa kwesoftware alucwangciswanga kwaye alucwangciswanga kwaye lunokwenziwa nangubani na ochaphazelekayo ngaphandle kokubhekisa kulo naliphi na ityala lovavanyo okanye uxwebhu loyilo lovavanyo. Umntu owenza uvavanyo lwe-Ad-hoc unokuqonda okuhle kwesizinda kunye nokuhambahamba kwesicelo ukuzama ukufumana iziphene kwaye aphule isoftware. Uvavanyo lwe-Ad-hoc lujolise ekufumaneni iziphene ezingakhange zifunyanwe ngamatyala akhoyo ovavanyo.

Uvavanyo lokwamkela Ukwamkelwa kovavanyo luhlobo olusemthethweni lovavanyo lwesoftware olwenziwa ngumsebenzisi wokugqibela xa amanqaku ezisiwe ngabaphuhlisi.


Injongo yolu vavanyo kukujonga ukuba isoftware iyangqina na kwiimfuno zabo zeshishini kunye neemfuno ezinikezelwe ngaphambili. Uvavanyo lokwamkelwa luhlala lubhalwe ekuqaleni kwe-sprint (kwi-agile) kwaye yindlela yabavavanyi kunye nabaphuhlisi bokusebenzela ukuqonda okuqhelekileyo kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi lommandla weshishini.

Ukuvavanywa kokufikeleleka Xa usenza uvavanyo lokufikeleleka, injongo yovavanyo kukuqinisekisa ukuba imixholo yewebhusayithi inokufikeleleka ngokulula ngabantu abakhubazekileyo. Iitshekhi ezahlukeneyo ezinjengombala kunye nokungafani (kubantu abangaboniyo), ubungakanani befonti kubantu abangaboni kakuhle, isicatshulwa esicacileyo nesicacileyo esilula ukufunda nokuqonda.


Uvavanyo lwe-Agile Uvavanyo lwe-Agile luhlobo lovavanyo lwesoftware olungiselela indlela yokuphucula i-software kunye nezenzo. Kwimeko yophuhliso lwe-Agile, ukuvavanywa yinxalenye yophuhliso lwesoftware kwaye kwenziwa kunye nekhowudi. Uvavanyo lwe-Agile luvumela ukonyuka kunye nokufaka iikhowudi kunye nokuvavanya.

Uvavanyo lwe-API Uvavanyo lwe-API luhlobo lovavanyo olufana nokuvavanywa kweyunithi. I-API nganye yeSoftware iyavavanywa ngokweenkcukacha ze-API. Uvavanyo lwe-API lwenziwa kakhulu liqela lokuvavanya ngaphandle kokuba ii-API zivavanywe okanye zinzima kwaye zifuna ukufaka iikhowudi ngokubanzi. Uvavanyo lwe-API lufuna ukuqonda ukusebenza kwe-API kunye nokuba nezakhono ezifanelekileyo zokufaka iikhowudi.

Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo Le yindlela yokuvavanya eyenza izixhobo zovavanyo kunye / okanye inkqubo yokuqhuba iimeko zovavanyo kusetyenziswa isoftware okanye izixhobo zophuculo lwesiko. Uninzi lwezixhobo ezizenzekelayo zibonelela ngokubanjwa kunye nokudlalwa kwakhona, nangona kunjalo, zikhona izixhobo ezifuna ukubhala iskripthi okanye inkqubo yokwenza iimvavanyo ezizenzekelayo.

Lonke uvavanyo lwePair Ikwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lobulumko ngababini, yindlela yokuvavanya ibhokisi emnyama kunye nendlela yovavanyo apho igalelo ngalinye kuvavanywa ngababini begalelo, elinceda ukuvavanya isoftware isebenza njengoko kulindelwe ngayo yonke indibaniselwano enokubakho.


Uvavanyo lweBeta Olu luhlobo olusemthethweni lokuvavanywa kwesoftware olwenziwa ngabathengi bokugqibela ngaphambi kokukhulula okanye ukunikezela ngesoftware kubasebenzisi bokugqibela. Ukugqitywa ngempumelelo kovavanyo lweBeta kuthetha ukwamkelwa kwabathengi kwesoftware.

Uvavanyo lweBhokisi eNtsundu Ukuvavanywa kwebhokisi emnyama yindlela yokuvavanya isoftware apho abavavanyi kungafuneki ukuba bazi iikhowudi okanye ulwakhiwo lwangaphakathi lwesoftware. Indlela yokuvavanywa kwebhokisi emnyama imela ukuvavanywa kwesoftware enegalelo ezahlukeneyo kunye nokuqinisekisa iziphumo ngokuchasene nemveliso ekulindelweyo.

Uvavanyo lokuhambelana ngokuBuyela umva Uhlobo lovavanyo lwesoftware olwenziwe ukukhangela ukuba inguqulelo entsha yesoftware inokusebenza ngempumelelo ngaphezulu kwenguqulelo yangaphambili yesoftware kwaye ukuba inguqulelo entsha yesoftware isebenza ngokukuko ngesakhiwo setafile, ulwakhiwo lwedatha kunye neefayile ezenziwe Inguqulelo yangaphambili yesoftware.

Uvavanyo lweXabiso leMida (BVT) Ukuvavanywa kweXabiso leMida yinkqubo yokuvavanya esekwe kumxholo 'wokudityaniswa kweempazamo kwimida'. Kule ndlela yokuvavanya, ukuvavanywa kwenziwa ngokubanzi ukujonga iziphene kwimeko yomda. Ukuba umhlaba ulamkela ixabiso loku-1 ukuya ku-100 kuvavanyo lwenziwe ngexabiso 0, 1, 2, 99, 100 no-101.


Uvavanyo lokudityaniswa kweBig Bang Le yenye yeendlela zokuvavanywa kokudityaniswa, kuvavanyo lwe-Big Bang lokuvavanya zonke okanye zonke iimodyuli ziphuhlisiwe kwaye zidityaniswe kunye.

Ezantsi kuvavanyo lokudityaniswa Uvavanyo lokudibanisa ezantsi luyindlela yovavanyo yokudityaniswa apho uvavanyo luqala khona ngamaqhekeza amancinci okanye kwiinkqubo eziphantsi kwesoftware kude kube yindlela yonke egubungela yonke inkqubo yesoftware. Uvavanyo lokudibanisa ezantsi luqala ngamacandelo amancinci esoftware kwaye ekugqibeleni lukhule ngokobungakanani, ubunzima kunye nokugqibelela.

Uvavanyo lweSebe Ngaba yindlela emhlophe yokuvavanywa kwebhokisi yokuyila iimeko zovavanyo ukuvavanya ikhowudi kuyo yonke imeko yesebe. Indlela yovavanyo yesebe isetyenziswa ngexesha lovavanyo lweyunithi.

Ukuvavanywa kokuhambelana kwesikhangeli Olunye lweendidi ezingaphantsi kovavanyo lovavanyo lokuhambelana olwenziwe liqela lokuvavanya. Uvavanyo lokuhambelana nesikhangeli lwenzelwa usetyenziso lwewebhu ngokudityaniswa kwezikhangeli ezahlukeneyo kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza.


Uvavanyo lokuhambelana Ukuvavanywa kokuhambelana yenye yeentlobo zovavanyo ezenziwa liqela lokuvavanya. Ukuvavanywa kokuvavanywa kokuvavanywa ukuba ngaba isoftware ingaqhutywa kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo zekhompyutha, inkqubo yokusebenza, umda wokuhamba, ugcino lwedatha, iiseva zewebhu, iiseva zesicelo, izixhobo zekhompyuter, ii-emulators, ubumbeko olwahlukileyo, iprosesa, izikhangeli ezahlukeneyo kunye neenguqulelo ezahlukeneyo zabakhangeli njl.

Uvavanyo lweCandelo Olu hlobo lokuvavanywa kwesoftware lwenziwa ngabaphuhlisi. Uvavanyo lwecandelo lwenziwa emva kokugqiba uvavanyo lweyunithi. Ukuvavanywa kwecandelo kubandakanya ukuvavanywa kweqela leeyunithi njengekhowudi ngokudibeneyo kunokuvavanya imisebenzi nganye, iindlela.

Ukuvavanywa kwemeko yokuvavanywa Ukuvavanywa kwemeko yokugubungela imeko yindlela yovavanyo esetyenzisiweyo ngexesha lokuvavanywa kweyunithi, apho kuvavanyo lonjiniyela lwazo zonke iingxelo zemeko ezinje ukuba, ukuba-kungenjalo, imeko njl njl, kwikhowudi kuvavanywa iyunithi.

Uvavanyo lweDynamic Uvavanyo lunokwenziwa njengoVavanyo lweStatic kunye novavanyo lweDynamic, uvavanyo lweDynamic yindlela yovavanyo apho uvavanyo lunokwenziwa kuphela ngokwenza ikhowudi okanye isoftware ehlelwe njengoVavanyo lweDynamic. Ukuvavanywa kweyunithi, ukuvavanywa kokuSebenza, ukuvavanya ukuvavanywa, ukuvavanywa kokusebenza njl.


Ukuvavanywa kwesigqibo soVavanyo Ngaba yindlela yokuvavanya esetyenziswa kuvavanyo lweCandelo. Injongo yovavanyo lokugubungela izigqibo kukuzilolonga kunye nokuqinisekisa isigqibo ngasinye kwikhowudi umz. ukuba, ukuba -kunye, iingxelo zetyala.

Ukuphela kovavanyo Ukuphela kovavanyo lokuphela kwenziwa liqela lokuvavanya kwaye kugxilwe ekuvavanyeni ukuphela kokuphela kokuhamba umz. ekunene ukusuka ekudalweni kweodolo kude kube kunikwe ingxelo okanye kwenziwe iodolo kude kubuyiswe into njl.njl. Ukuphela kovavanyo lokugqibela kuhlala kugxile ekulingiseni iimeko zobomi bokwenyani kunye nokusetyenziswa. Ukuphela kovavanyo lokuphela kubandakanya ukuvavanya ulwazi lokuhamba ngaphakathi kwezicelo.

Uvavanyo lokuHlola Uvavanyo lokuphonononga luhlobo olungekho sesikweni lovavanyo oluqhutyelwe ukufunda isoftware ngaxeshanye ukujonga iimpazamo okanye indlela yokuziphatha yesicelo ebonakala ngathi ayicacanga. Uvavanyo lokuhlola luhlala lusenziwa ngabavavanyi kodwa lunokwenziwa ngamanye amaqela achaphazelekayo njengabahlalutyi beShishini, abaphuhlisi, abasebenzisi bokugqibela njl njl abanomdla kwimisebenzi yokufunda yesoftware kwaye kwangaxeshanye ukujonga iimpazamo okanye isimilo kubonakala ngathi akucaci. .

Ukwahlulahlula ngokulingana Ukwahlula-hlula ngokulinganayo kukwabizwa ngokuba kukwahlulahlula iklasi yokulingana sisixhobo sokuvavanya isoftware kwaye ayililo uhlobo lovavanyo ngokwalo. Inkqubo yokwahlula ulingano isetyenziswa kwibhokisi emnyama kunye neendidi zokuvavanywa kwebhokisi engwevu. Ukwahlulahlula ulwahlulo kukwahlula idatha yovavanyo kwiiklasi zoLingano njengeeklasi ezilinganayo zoLingano kunye neeklasi zoLingano ezingalunganga, olo luhlu luqinisekisa ukuba zombini iimeko ezilungileyo nezingalunganga ziyavavanywa.

Uvavanyo olusebenzayo Uvavanyo olusebenzayo luhlobo olusemthethweni lovavanyo olwenziwa ngabavavanyi. Ukuvavanywa kokusebenza kugxile kuvavanyo lwesoftware ngokuchasene noxwebhu loyilo, Sebenzisa iimeko, kunye noxwebhu lweemfuno. Uvavanyo olusebenzayo luhlobo lovavanyo kwaye aludingi ukusebenza kwangaphakathi kwesoftware, ngokungafaniyo nokuvavanywa kwebhokisi emhlophe.

Uvavanyo lweFuzz Ukuvavanywa kweFuzz okanye ukujija yinkqubo yokuvavanywa kwesoftware ebandakanya ukuvavanywa kokufaka okungalindelekanga okanye okungahleliwe. Isoftware ijongiwe ukusilela okanye imiyalezo yemposiso ethiwe thaca ngenxa yeempazamo.

Uvavanyo lwe-GUI (lweMifanekiso yoMsebenzisi) Olu hlobo lokuvavanywa kwesoftware lujolise ekuvavanyeni i-software ye-GUI (i-Graphical User Interface) yesoftware ehlangabezana neemfuno njengoko kuchaziwe kwi-GUI mockups kunye namaxwebhu ayilwe ngokweenkcukacha. Umzekelo, Ukujonga ubude kunye nomthamo weendawo zokufaka ezibonelelwe kwifom, uhlobo lwendawo yokufaka ebonelelweyo, o.k.t. ezinye zeefom zefom zinokuboniswa njengebhokisi yokulahla okanye iseti yamaqhosha erediyo. Uvavanyo lwe-GUI luqinisekisa ukuba izinto ze-GUI zesoftware zinje ngee-MOI ezivunyiweyo, amaxwebhu ayiliweyo oyilo, kunye neemfuno zomsebenzi. Uninzi lwezixhobo zovavanyo oluzenzekelayo lusebenza ekubambeni kwe-GUI kunye namandla okudlala kwakhona. Oku kwenza ukurekhodwa kweskripthi ngokukhawuleza ngaxeshanye kwandisa umzamo kulondolozo lweskripthi.

Ukuvavanywa kwebhokisi yeglasi Ukuvavanywa kwebhokisi yeglasi lelinye igama lokuvavanywa kwebhokisi emhlophe. Ukuvavanywa kwebhokisi yeglasi yindlela yokuvavanya ebandakanya ukuvavanywa kweengxelo ezizodwa, imisebenzi njl., Ukuvavanywa kweyunithi yenye yeendlela zokuvavanywa kwebhokisi yeGlasi.

Uvavanyo lweGorilla Olu hlobo lokuvavanywa kwesoftware lwenziwa liqela lokuvavanya isoftware, inegama eloyikekayo nangona?. Injongo yoVavanyo lweGorilla kukusebenzisa into enye okanye ezimbalwa ngokugqibeleleyo okanye ngokugqibeleleyo ngokuba abantu abaninzi bavavanye ukusebenza okufanayo.

Uvavanyo lwendlela eyonwabileyo Ikwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lwendlela yegolide, olu hlobo lokuvavanya lujolise ekuphunyezweni ngempumelelo kweemvavanyo ezingasebenzisi isoftware yeemeko ezimbi okanye zempazamo.

Uvavanyo lokudityaniswa Uvavanyo lokudityaniswa yenye yeendlela eziqhelekileyo nezibalulekileyo zovavanyo lwesoftware. Nje ukuba iiyunithi ezizodwa okanye izinto zivavanywe ngabaphuhlisi njengoko besebenza ke iqela lokuvavanya liya kuqhuba iimvavanyo eziza kuvavanya unxibelelwano phakathi kwezi yunithi / icandelo okanye iiyunithi / izinto ezininzi. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lokudityaniswa, oko kukuthi, uvavanyo lokudibanisa olusezantsi, uvavanyo lokudibanisa ezantsi kunye nokudityaniswa kwezi zimbini zibizwa ngokuba kuvavanyo lweSand.

Uvavanyo lojongano Ukuvavanywa kojongano kuyadingeka xa isoftware inika inkxaso kunxibelelwano olunye okanye nangaphezulu njenge 'Graphical interface yomsebenzisi', 'Umyalelwano woLawulo loMgca' okanye 'Inkqubo yenkqubo yesicelo' ukunxibelelana nabasebenzisi bayo okanye enye isoftware. Ujongano lusebenza njengophakathi kwisoftware yokwamkela igalelo kumsebenzisi kunye nokubonelela ngemveliso kumsebenzisi. Indlela yokuvavanywa konxibelelwano ixhomekeke kuhlobo lojongano oluvavanywa njenge-GUI okanye i-API okanye i-CLI.

Uvavanyo lweLizwe jikelele Ukuvavanywa kwamazwe aphesheya luhlobo lovavanyo olwenziwa liqela lokuvavanya isoftware ukukhangela ukuba isoftware inokuxhasa njani ukwenziwa kwamanye amazwe okt, ukusetyenziswa kweelwimi ezahlukeneyo, iiseti zabalinganiswa ezahlukeneyo, oonobumba abaphindwe kabini njl., Umzekelo: i-Gmail, sisicelo sewebhu esetyenziswa ngabantu kuwo wonke umsebenzi ngeelwimi ezahlukeneyo, iseti enye okanye iiseti zabalinganiswa ezininzi.

Uvavanyo oluqhutywa ngamagama aphambili Uvavanyo oluqhutywa ngamagama aphambili yeyona ndlela yokuvavanya isoftware ezenzekelayo kunohlobo lokuvavanya ngokwalo. Uvavanyo oluqhutywa ngamagama aphambili lwaziwa njengovavanyo oluqhutywa zizenzo okanye uvavanyo oluqhutywa kwitafile.

Uvavanyo lomthwalo Uvavanyo lomthwalo luhlobo lovavanyo olungasebenziyo; ukuvavanywa komthwalo kwenziwa ukukhangela indlela yokuziphatha kwesoftware phantsi kwesiqhelo nangaphezulu kwemeko zokulayisha. Uvavanyo lomthwalo luhlala lusenziwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo zovavanyo oluzenzekelayo. Ukuvavanywa komthwalo kujolise ekufumaneni imiqobo okanye imiba ethintela ukuba isoftware ingenzi njengoko bekucwangcisiwe kwimithwalo yomsebenzi.

Uvavanyo lwendawo Uvavanyo lwasekhaya uhlobo lokuvavanywa kwesoftware olwenziwe ngabavavanyi besoftware, kolu hlobo lovavanyo, isoftware kulindeleke ukuba ivumelane nendawo ethile, kufuneka ixhase indawo ethile / ulwimi ngokubonisa, yamkela igalelo kuloo ndawo, bonisa, ifonti, ixesha lomhla, imali njl.njl., enxulumene nendawo ethile. Umzekelo, Uninzi lwezicelo zewebhu zivumela ukhetho lwendawo njengesiNgesi, isiFrentshi, isiJamani okanye isiJapan. Ke xa indawo ichaziwe okanye isetiwe kuqwalaselo lwesoftware, isoftware kulindeleke ukuba isebenze njengoko kulindelwe ngolwimi olusetyiweyo / indawo.

Uvavanyo olubi Olu hlobo lwendlela yokuvavanywa kwesoftware, ebiza 'isimo sengqondo sokuqhekeka', ezi ziimvavanyo ezisebenzayo nezingasebenziyo ezenzelwe ukophula isoftware ngokufaka idatha engachanekanga njengomhla ongachanekanga, ixesha okanye umtya okanye ulayishe ifayile yokubini xa iifayile zombhalo imele ukulayishwa okanye kungeniswe umtya omkhulu wokubhaliweyo kwimihlaba yokufaka njl.njl.

Uvavanyo olungasebenziyo Uninzi lweeSoftwares zakhiwe ukuze zizalisekise iimfuno zomsebenzi kunye nezingasebenziyo, iimfuno ezingasebenzi njengokusebenza, ukusetyenziswa, ukwenziwa kwendawo njl.njl., Zininzi iintlobo zovavanyo ezinje ngovavanyo lokuhambelana, uvavanyo lokuthobela, uvavanyo lwendawo, ukuvavanywa kokusebenza, uvavanyo lwevolumu njl. ezenziweyo zokujonga iimfuno ezingasebenziyo.

Uvavanyo lwePair yindlela yokuvavanya isoftware enokwenziwa ngabavavanyi besoftware, abaphuhlisi okanye abahlalutyi beShishini. Njengoko igama libonisa, abantu ababini babhangqiwe kunye, omnye ukuvavanya omnye ukujonga kunye nokurekhoda iziphumo zovavanyo. Uvavanyo lwePair lunokwenziwa ngokudibanisa umvavanyi-umphuhlisi, umvavanyi-umhlalutyi weshishini okanye umdibanisi wohlaziyo lweshishini. Ukudibanisa abavavanyi kunye nabaphuhlisi kuvavanyo lwesibini kunceda ukukhangela iziphene ngokukhawuleza, zichonge unobangela, zilungise kwaye zivavanye ukulungiswa.

Uvavanyo lomsebenzi luhlobo lovavanyo lwesoftware kunye nenxalenye yokusebenza kobunjineli okwenziwa ukujonga ezinye zeempawu ezisemgangathweni zesoftware ezinje ngozinzo, ukuthembeka, ukubakho. Uvavanyo lwentsebenzo lwenziwa liqela lobunjineli bokusebenza. Ngokungafaniyo nokuvavanywa kokuSebenza, ukuvavanywa kokuSebenza kwenziwa ukujonga iimfuno ezingasebenziyo. Uvavanyo lwentsebenzo lukhangela ukuba isoftware isebenza njani kulindelo kunye nomsebenzi ophakamileyo. Kukho iiyantlukwano ezahlukeneyo okanye iintlobo zendlela yokusebenza efana nokuvavanywa komthwalo, ukuvavanywa koxinzelelo, ukuvavanywa kwevolumu, ukuvavanywa kokuntywila kunye nokuvavanywa koqwalaselo.

Ukuvavanywa kokungena luhlobo lovavanyo lokhuseleko. Ukuvavanywa kokungena kungenziwa kuvavanyo lokuba isoftware ikhuseleke kangakanani kunye nokusingqongileyo kwayo (i-Hardware, inkqubo yokusebenza, kunye nenethiwekhi) xa behlaselwa ngumngeneleli wangaphandle okanye wangaphakathi. Umngeneleli unokuba ngumntu / i-hacker okanye iinkqubo ezinobungozi. I-Pentest isebenzisa iindlela zokungena ngenkani (ngokuhlasela ngamandla) okanye ngokusebenzisa ubuthathaka (ukuba sesichengeni) ukufikelela kwisoftware okanye idatha okanye izixhobo ngenjongo yokubonisa iindlela zokweba, zokukhohlisa okanye zokonakalisa idatha, iifayile zesoftware okanye uqwalaselo. Ukuvavanywa kokungena yindlela yokuqhekezwa kokuziphatha, umntu onamava wokungena uya kusebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo nezixhobo ezinokusetyenziswa ngumgculeli kodwa injongo yomvavanyi wokungena kukuchonga ukuba semngciphekweni kwaye uzilungiselele ngaphambi kokuba umgwebi wokwenyani okanye inkqubo enobungozi ayisebenzise.

Uvavanyo loxinzelelo luhlobo lovavanyo lwesoftware olwenziwa ngabavavanyi besoftware njengovavanyo olusebenzayo lokuhlengahlengisa kunye nabaphuhlisi njengovavanyo lokuhlengahlengiswa kweYunithi. Injongo yovavanyo lokubuyela umva kukufumana iziphene eziye zaziswa kulungiso lweziphene okanye ukwaziswa kwezinto ezintsha. Uvavanyo lokunyanzeliswa ngabagqatswa abafanelekileyo bokuzenzekelayo.

Ukuzama kwakhona luhlobo lokuphinda luvavanywe olwenziwa ngabavavanyi besoftware njengenxalenye yokuqinisekiswa kwesiphene. Umzekelo, umvavanyi uqinisekisa ukulungiswa kwesiphene kwaye masithi kukho iimeko zovavanyo ezi-3 ezingaphumelelanga ngenxa yesi siphene. Nje ukuba umvavanyi aqinisekise ukulungiswa kwesiphene njengoko kusonjululwe, umvavanyi uya kuthi emva koko abuye avavanye ukusebenza kwakhona ngokuqhuba iimeko zovavanyo ezingaphumelelanga ngaphambili.

Uvavanyo olusekwe kumngcipheko luhlobo lovavanyo lwesoftware kunye nendlela eyahlukileyo yokuvavanya isoftware. Kuvavanyo olusekwe kumngcipheko, iimfuno kunye nokusebenza kwesoftware eza kuvavanywa kubekwa phambili njengokubalulekileyo, okuPhezulu, okuPhakathi kunye nokuPhantsi. Kule ndlela, zonke iimvavanyo eziphambili kunye nezoPhezulu zivavanywa kwaye zilandelwe ziPhakathi. Ukubekwa phambili okuphantsi okanye ukusebenza komngcipheko osezantsi kuvavanywa ekugqibeleni okanye akunakuvavanywa konke konke, kuxhomekeke kumaxesha angoku.

Ukuvavanya umsi luhlobo lovavanyo olwenziwa ngabavavanyi besoftware ukujonga ukuba ngaba ulwakhiwo olutsha olunikezwe liqela lophuhliso luzinzile ngokwaneleyo okt, ukusebenza okukhulu kusebenza njengoko kulindelwe ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo oluthe kratya okanye olunenkcukacha. Ukuvavanywa komsi kwenzelwe ukuba kufunyanwe iziphene 'zokubonisa ukumisa' ezinokuthintela abavavanyi kuvavanyo lwesicelo ngokweenkcukacha. Ukuvavanywa komsi okwenzelwe ukwakhiwa kukwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lokwakha.

Uvavanyo lokhuseleko luhlobo lovavanyo lwesoftware olwenziwa liqela elikhethekileyo labavavanyi besoftware. Injongo yovavanyo lokhuseleko kukukhusela isoftware kukusoyikisa okungaphandle okanye kwangaphakathi okuvela ebantwini nakwiinkqubo ezimbi. Ukuvavanywa kokhuseleko ngokusisiseko kuhlolisiswa, ingaba ilungile kangakanani indlela yokugunyazisa isoftware, yomelele kangakanani ukuqinisekiswa, ukuba isoftware igcina njani imfihlo yedatha, ingaba isoftware ikugcina njani ukuthembeka kwedatha, yintoni ubukho besoftware xa kuhlaselwa isoftware ngabagculi kunye neenkqubo ezinobungozi kuvavanyo loKhuseleko kufuna ulwazi olufanelekileyo ngesicelo, itekhnoloji, uthungelwano, izixhobo zovavanyo lokhuseleko. Ngokunyuka kwenani lezicelo zewebhu, uvavanyo lokhuseleko lubaluleke ngakumbi kunangaphambili.

Uvavanyo lweSanity luhlobo lovavanyo oluqhutywa ikakhulu ngabavavanyi nakwezinye iiprojekthi ngabaphuhlisi ngokunjalo. Uvavanyo lweSanity luvavanyo olukhawulezileyo lwesoftware, imeko-bume, inethiwekhi, iinkqubo zangaphandle ziphakanyisiwe kwaye ziyasebenza, imeko-bume yesoftware iyonke izinzile ngokwaneleyo ukuba iqhubeke novavanyo olubanzi. Uvavanyo lweSanity lumxinwa kwaye uninzi lweemvavanyo zengqondo azibhalwanga.

Uvavanyo lokuma luvavanyo olungasebenziyo olujolise ekuvavanyeni enye yeempawu zekhwalithi yesoftware okt 'Ukwehla'. Uvavanyo lokuma lungagxili kwinto enye okanye ukusebenza kwesoftware endaweni yokusebenza kwesoftware iyonke. Ukuvavanywa kokungalingani kuhlala kuhlala kwenziwa liqela lobunjineli bokusebenza. Injongo yovavanyo lokwehla kukuvavanya amandla esoftware ukukhulisa abasebenzisi abonyukayo, ukuthengiselana okwandileyo, ukwanda kubungakanani besiseko sedatha njlnjl., Akuyomfuneko ukuba ukusebenza kwesoftware kunyuke ngokunyuka koqwalaselo lwezixhobo, iimvavanyo zokuqina kokunceda Umsebenzi ongaphezulu kwesoftware unokuxhasa ngokwandisa isiseko somsebenzisi, ukuthengiselana, ukugcinwa kwedatha njl.

Uvavanyo lokuzinza luvavanyo olungasebenziyo olujolise ekuvavanyeni enye yeempawu zekhwalithi yesoftware okt 'Ukuzinza'. Uvavanyo lokuzinza lujolise kuvavanyo lokuba isoftware izinzile kangakanani xa iphantsi kwemithwalo kumanqanaba amkelekileyo, imithwalo ephezulu, imithwalo eveliswe kwizipikisi, kunye nemiqulu emininzi yedatha ekufuneka yenziwe. Ukuvavanywa kokuqina kokusebenza kuya kubandakanya ukwenza iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lokusebenza njengokuvavanywa komthwalo, ukuvavanywa koxinzelelo, ukuvavanywa kwespike, ukuvavanywa kokuntywila, ukuvavanywa kwespike njl.

Uvavanyo lweStatic luhlobo lokuvavanywa apho kwiindlela ezinje ngokujonga kwakhona, iindlela zokuqesha ziyaqeshwa ukuvavanya ukuchaneka kokuhanjiswa. Kwikhowudi yesoftware yokuvavanya ayenziwanga endaweni yoko iyajongwa kwis syntax, ukugqabaza, ukubiza ingqungquthela, ubungakanani bemisebenzi / iindlela, njl.njl. Uvavanyo lwe-Static lunokufakwa kwiimfuno, uyilo, iimeko zovavanyo ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezinje ngokujonga kwakhona okanye ukuhamba.

Uvavanyo loxinzelelo luhlobo lovavanyo lwentsebenzo, apho isoftware iphantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu kunye nakwindawo yokuphumla ukuze ibone ukuba isoftware inokuziphatha njani na ngexesha lokuqhekeka. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo luvavanya indlela yokuziphatha kwesoftware ngezixhobo ezingonelanga njenge-CPU, iMemori, ubungakanani bebhendi yenethiwekhi, indawo yeDiski, njlnjl. Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwenza ukuba kujongwe ezinye zeempawu ezisemgangathweni ezinjengokuqina kunye nokuthembeka.

Uvavanyo lweNkqubo oku kubandakanya iintlobo zovavanyo lwesoftware ezininzi eziza kwenza ukuba isoftware iphelele (isoftware, izixhobo zekhompyutha, kunye nothungelwano) ngokuchasene neemfuno ezazakhelwe zona. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo (ukuvavanywa kwe-GUI, ukuvavanywa kokuSebenza, ukuvavanywa kokuvavanywa komsi, ukuvavanywa komthwalo, ukuvavanywa koxinzelelo, ukuvavanywa kokhuseleko, ukuvavanywa koxinzelelo, ukuvavanywa kwe-ad-hoc njl.,) Kuyenziwa ukugqibezela uvavanyo lwenkqubo.

Ukuvavanya luhlobo lovavanyo lwentsebenzo, apho isoftware iphantsi kokulayishwa ngaphezulu kwexesha elibalulekileyo lexesha, ukuvavanywa kokuntywila kunokuqhubeka iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye kwiveki ezimbalwa. Uvavanyo lokuntywila luhlobo lovavanyo oluqhutyelwa ukufumana iimpazamo ezikhokelela ekwenziweni kwesoftware ngokuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa. Uvavanyo lokuntywila lwenziwa kakhulu kwizixhobo ze-elektroniki, ezilindeleke ukuba ziqhubeke ngokuqhubekayo kangangeentsuku okanye iinyanga okanye iminyaka ngaphandle kokuqalisa kwakhona okanye ukuqala kwakhona. Ngokukhula kwezicelo zewebhu uvavanyo olwenziweyo lufumene ukubaluleka njengoko ukufumaneka kwesicelo sewebhu kubalulekile ekugcineni kunye nokuphumelela kweshishini.

Uvavanyo lokudityaniswa kwenkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-SIT (ngamafutshane) luhlobo lovavanyo oluqhutywa liqela lokuvavanya isoftware. Njengoko igama lisitsho, ukugxila kovavanyo lokudityaniswa kwenkqubo kuvavanyo lweempazamo ezinxulumene nokudityaniswa kwezicelo ezahlukeneyo, iinkonzo, izicelo zomthengisi wesithathu njl., Njengenxalenye yeSIT, iimeko zokuphela kwezokugqibela ziyavavanywa ezinokufuna isoftware ukuba inxibelelane (thumela okanye ufumane idatha) kunye nezinye izicelo ezihamba phezulu okanye ezantsi, iinkonzo, iifowuni zesicelo somntu wesithathu njl.

Uvavanyo lweyunithi luhlobo lovavanyo olwenziwa ngabaphuhlisi besoftware. Ukuvavanywa kweyunithi kulandela indlela yokuvavanywa kwebhokisi emhlophe apho umphuhlisi eya kuvavanya iiyunithi zekhowudi yomthombo njengeengxelo, amasebe, imisebenzi, iindlela, ujongano kwi-OOP (inkqubo ejolise kwinto). Uvavanyo lweyunithi luhlala lubandakanya ukuphuhlisa iziqu kunye nabaqhubi. Uvavanyo lweyunithi lolona khetho lufanelekileyo lokuzenzekelayo. Uvavanyo oluzenzekelayo lunokuqhuba njengovavanyo lweyunithi kulungiso olutsha okanye iinguqulelo ezintsha zesoftware. Zininzi izinto eziluncedo zovavanyo lweeyunithi ezisebenza njengeJunit, iNunit, njl njl, ezinokubangela uvavanyo lweyunithi lusebenze ngakumbi.

Ukuvavanywa kokusebenziseka luhlobo lovavanyo lwesoftware olwenzelwa ukuqonda ukuba isoftware isebenziseka njani. Injongo yokuvavanywa kokusebenziseka kokuvumela abasebenzisi bokuphela ukuba basebenzise isoftware, baqwalasele indlela abaziphethe ngayo, iimpendulo zabo ngokweemvakalelo (nokuba abasebenzisi bayathanda ukusebenzisa isoftware okanye babenoxinzelelo lokuyisebenzisa? Njl.,) Kunye nokuqokelela ingxelo yabo ngendlela isoftware enokwenziwa ngakumbi ngayo iyasebenziseka okanye iyasebenziseka kwaye ibandakanya utshintsho olwenza isoftware isebenziseke lula.

Uvavanyo lokwamkelwa komsebenzisi (UAT) Uvavanyo lokwamkelwa koMsebenzisi luyimfuneko kuyo nayiphi na iprojekthi; yenziwa ngabasebenzisi / abasebenzisi bokugqibela besoftware. Uvavanyo lokwamkelwa komsebenzisi luvumela ii-SMEs (Iingcali zemicimbi yezifundo) ezivela kubathengi ukuvavanya isoftware ngeyona shishini labo okanye iimeko zehlabathi zokwenyani kunye nokujonga ukuba isoftware iyazifezekisa na iimfuno zabo zeshishini.

Ukuvavanywa kwevolumu luhlobo olungasebenziyo lovavanyo olwenziwa liqela lobunjineli bokusebenza. Ukuvavanywa kwevolumu yenye yeentlobo zovavanyo lwentsebenzo. Ukuvavanywa kwevolumu kuyenziwa ukufumana impendulo yesoftware enobungakanani obahlukeneyo bedatha efunyenweyo okanye eqhutywa yisoftware. Umzekelo, Ukuba ubuza kuvavanya igama leMicrosoft, uvavanyo lwevolumu iya kuba kukujonga ukuba ngaba igama le-MS liyakwazi ukuvula, ukugcina kunye nokusebenza kwiifayile ezinobungakanani obahlukeneyo (10 ukuya kwi-100 MB).

Ukuvavanywa kobungozi kubandakanya ukuchonga, ukuveza isoftware, izixhobo okanye izixhobo zenethiwekhi ezinokuthi zixhatshazwe ngabagculeli kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezinobungozi ezithanda iintsholongwane okanye iintshulube. Ukuvavanywa koKhuseleko kundoqo kukhuseleko lwesoftware kunye nokufumaneka. Ngokwanda kwabagculi kunye neenkqubo ezinobungozi, uVavanyo lokuVavanywa koMngcipheko lubalulekile kwimpumelelo yeShishini.

Ukuvavanywa kwebhokisi emhlophe Ukuvavanywa kwebhokisi emhlophe kukwabizwa ngokuba kuvavanyo lwebhokisi olucacileyo, ukuvavanywa kwebhokisi ebonakalayo kunye nokuvavanywa kwebhokisi yeglasi. Ukuvavanywa kwebhokisi emhlophe yindlela yovavanyo lwesoftware, ejonge ukuvavanya isoftware ngolwazi lokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwesoftware. Indlela yokuvavanywa kwebhokisi emhlophe isetyenziswa kuvavanyo lweCandelo oluqhele ukwenziwa ngabaphuhlisi besoftware. Ukuvavanywa kwebhokisi emhlophe kuhlose ukwenza iikhowudi kunye neenkcazo zovavanyo, amasebe, indlela, izigqibo kunye nokuhamba kwedatha ngaphakathi kuvavanyo. Ukuvavanywa kwebhokisi emhlophe kunye nokuvavanywa kwebhokisi eMnyama kuyancedisana njengoko indlela nganye yovavanyo inokubhengeza udidi lweempazamo.